Showing posts with label health risks. Show all posts
Showing posts with label health risks. Show all posts

Sunday, 31 August 2014

HEALTH & WELLNESS: Jennifer Sygo: Diet books you can trust? Gimmick-free? Yes, it’s possible, and here are two prime examples


Jennifer Sygo: Diet books you can trust? Gimmick-free? Yes, it’s possible, and here are two prime examples

Successfully juggling the elements of a fad diet doesn't guarantee weight loss over the long haul, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff says, because the changes you make have to be manageable when the restrictions end.
Chris Roussakis/National Post filesSuccessfully juggling the elements of a fad diet doesn't guarantee weight loss over the long haul, Dr. Yoni Freedhoff says, because the changes you make have to be manageable when the restrictions end.
  •  
For the past two years, I’ve been working on a book. The final product, titledUnmasking Superfoods, is now in wide release. While the road from concept to completion was long and at times daunting, I actually enjoyed the process more than I expected to, and the things I discovered changed the way I look at food.

Yet somehow, surprisingly, right around the time I was being given a chance to publish a book with a sane approach to nutrition, others were being given the opportunity to publish similar books on weight loss.
Throughout the process of writing, however, I found myself tempted to write in a loud and highly opinionated — some might call obnoxious — way a voice heard often in diet and nutrition books these days. Bestsellers tend to be full of sweeping generalizations, us-vs.-them thinking and, perhaps most irritatingly, cherry-picked research, all to support the author’s grand claim. There’s also the common theme that “this” is poison, or “that” is the reason we struggle with our weight — though “this” and “that” can vary with each book. It was hard to know where my way of thinking fit in.
“Are there any good diet books out there?” is a question I would often get asked, and until recently, I had few options to provide. Finding a well-written book dealing with weight loss using evidence and sanity, rather than by hitting you over the head with a hammer, saddling you with guilt, or filling your head with plain old foolishness, often felt like winning the lottery.
Fortunately, we can now add The Diet Fix, written by Dr. Yoni Freedhoff, and Lose It Right, by James Fell, to the list of “good books” on the topic of weight loss. Both authors have worked in the trenches of weight control for years, and both follow the rarest of rare paths in their writing on weight loss — or more aptly, weight management: They use real research, not pseudoscience, along with a healthy dose of common sense gleaned from practical experience. If their names sound familiar, there’s good reason: Freedhoff is a renowned obesity expert based in Ottawa who most recently made headlines for positing during a debate that Canada’s Food Guide may actually promote obesity. Why? Because it considers fruit juice (which is not as nutritious as fruit, and has been associated with weight gain in some studies) as a fruit, and because the serving sizes in the Food Guide are based on outdated portions that were much smaller even a decade ago. (Freedhoff once blogged that even eggs are bigger and heavier than the food labels suggest.) Outspoken in real life, Freedhoff takes a softer tone in his book, one that might surprise those who follow him regularly in the media. Fell, on the other hand, is a joker: The syndicated fitness writer from Calgary, whose Twitter account boasts “I drink six-packs of beer and have four-pack abs. Close enough,” had me in stitches — and yes, it’s a weight loss book. Amazing!
So what makes these “non-fiction diet books” (as Freedhoff likes to put it) so different from most of the rest of what is on the market? To start with, both men focus on a key component of weight loss that is often overlooked: The importance of being well-organized, setting small goals and thinking ahead. Secondly, instead of ripping the Band-Aid off and banishing dozens of foods from your diet, both books examine very important reasons behind our collective inability to control our weight, including our free access to highly palatable food (read: muffins, hamburgers, chips and cookies), our social and work environments, and yes, our emotional attachment to food. Because as easy as it might seem to say “just eat less,” food is often intrinsically tied to how we feel in the moment, and how we deal with our emotions throughout the day. Failure to address the way a person views food and eating can make any weight loss attempt, for all practical purposes, futile.
The one thing that The Diet Fix and Lose It Right don’t provide, however, is a quick fix: Unlike the umpteen rapid-fire diet books out there — whose content Fell refers to as “male bovine droppings,” they wisely steer clear of raising expectations that you’ll lose any precise number of pounds per week. Instead, you’re looking at gradual weight loss, and sometimes no weight loss at all, but instead a meaningful change in your health and possibly your physique. Wisely, both discourage self-deprivation. Freedhoff, in fact, routinely writes prescriptions for chocolate: After all, he says, if you can’t see yourself living this way for the rest of your life, how do you see yourself sticking with the program?
So, how did these books get published during a time when sensibility seems to be out of fashion? Freedhoff believes the tide is starting to shift.
“I think there is an appetite for the truth, in a manner there wasn’t five to 10 years ago,” he said in an interview.
And I am cautiously optimistic that he might be right.
-Jennifer Sygo, MSc., RD, is a registered dietitian and sports nutritionist at Cleveland Clinic Canada, and author of the newly released nutrition book Unmasking Superfoods, (HarperCollins, $19.99). Visit her on the Web at jennifersygo.com and send your comments and nutrition-related questions to her at info@jennifersygo.com.

Saturday, 16 August 2014

HEALTH & WELLNESS: Sodium Intake: Too Little Poses Health Risks

Formulating Foods explores the latest health and nutrition news and research—as well as the latest ingredient and food application innovations—to determine what consumers want (and need) from the food and beverage products they consume, and how industry can make it happen. 

Sodium Intake: Too Little Poses Health Risks
 - Blog
Print





While too much salt in the diet has long been recognized as a serious health risk, new research has found eating too little may also pose health risks.

Two reports from a global collaborative study involving hundreds of investigators from 18 countries published in the New England Journal of Medicine are shaking up conventional wisdom around salt consumption.

The Prospective Urban & Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, led by investigators from the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, followed more than 100,000 people for nearly four years. The study assessed sodium and potassium intake and related them to blood pressure as well as to deaths, heart disease and strokes.

Lead author of one report, Martin O’Donnell, suggests that what is now generally recommended as a healthy daily ceiling for salt consumption appears to be set too low.

“Low sodium intake does reduce blood pressure modestly, compared to moderate (or average) intake, but low sodium intake also has other effects, including adverse elevations of certain hormones that are associated with an increase in risk of death and cardiovascular diseases. The key question is whether these competing physiologic effects result in net clinical benefit or not," O’Donnell said, an associate clinical professor at McMaster University and National University of Ireland Galway.

“In the PURE study, we found the lowest risk of death and cardiovascular events in those who consumed moderate amounts of sodium intake (3 to 6 grams per day), with an increased risk above and below that range. While this finding has been reported in previous smaller studies, PURE is the largest international study to study sodium intake and health outcomes, and adds considerable strength to the contention that moderate sodium intake is optimal," he said.

Nevertheless, sodium consumption is still well above recommended amounts around the globe. In the United States, the average daily sodium intake for Americans ages 2 years and older is more than 3,400 mg—a number considerably high than the cap of 2,300 mg recommended for adults by the 2010 U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Most of the sodium consumed comes from processed foods or foods prepared in restaurants. In fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 40 percent of sodium intake comes from 10 types of foods, including breads, meat products, pizza, soups and sandwiches, among others. Add FDA’s recent announcement to set voluntary guidelines to reduce sodium in the food supply, and food and beverage manufacturers are feeling the heat to reduce sodium in their products. (For a closer look at sodium in the food supply, check out this free FoodTech Toolbox report, “Reducing Sodium in the Food Supply: A Journey in Progress.")

This is, of course, is because high-sodium diets are associated with adverse health effects, such as heart disease and stroke.
Researchers have shown that the effects of increasing sodium intake on raising blood pressure—a risk factor for heart attack, heart failure, stroke and other problems—become dramatically worse as intake rises above 5 grams per day, especially among people who already have high blood pressure, or who are older than 55, or both.

But the blood-pressure effects are more modest at average levels of sodium consumption (3 to 5 grams per day) and not evident at low levels of intake below 3 grams of sodium per day (a level that is higher than the maximum currently recommended by many guidelines), said Andrew Mente, lead author of another report, and an assistant professor of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics.

“While there has been much focus on reducing salt in the diet, an important and ignored approach to lowering blood pressure is increasing the amount of potassium consumed. A balanced approach is what is likely to have the greatest benefit in lowering blood pressure," Mente said. “This can be achieved by moderation in salt intake, combined with eating lots of fruits and vegetables."

Taken together, the papers show there is a “sweet spot" for sodium consumption, where too much or too little can be damaging, while a moderate amount between 3 and 6 grams is optimal.

“The findings of both studies are robust, globally applicable and collectively question established dogma and recommended policies. This also means that salt reduction should be primarily targeted at those who have high BP and those who consume a lot of salt." said Salim Yusuf, principal investigator, PURE study, senior author of both reports, and director, Population Health Research Institute, which designed and coordinated the study.


Sources: